Fetal Pig Dissection Essay Example for Free

Fetal Pig Dissection Essay -Three pairs of exocrine glands in the mouth that secrete saliva; the parotid, submandibular (sub maxillary), and sublingual glands The parotid is the largest and most easily visible of all the salivary glands. The sunbmaxillary is bean shaped and located under the bigger parotid gland. The submandibular gland lies near the jaw line. Glottis -The opening between the vocal cords at the upper part of the larynx. The epiglottis is what covers the glottis during swallowing, to block food/water form getting in the trachea. Epiglottis -The function of the epiglottis in a pig is to prevent food from going into the trachea. Epiglottis is attached to the entrance of the larynx and is made of elastic cartilage. The epiglottis projects up through the soft palate into a region called the nasopharynx Thymus Gland -Gland located near the heart; produces several hormones which stimulate development of cells important in immmunity Thyroid Gland -Endocrine gland located below the voice box; it produces hormones which control metabolism. The thyroid gland is darker and lies between the posterior ends of the two lobes of the thymus gland. Esophagus -Muscular tube that moves food from the pharynx to the stomach. The esophagus is dorsal to the trachea. Vocal Chords Lungs -To breathe, oxygenize blood Bronchi At end of trachea, branches for air to enter lungs. Stomach Digests food, breaks it down Small Intestine Finishes digestion, absorbs nutrients, moves food to large intestine Large Intestine Larger tubular structure that receives the liquid waste products of digestion, reabsorbs water and minerals, and forms and stores feces for defecation Rectum A short tube at the end of the large intestine where waste material is compressed into a solid form before being eliminated; straight, posterior part of large intestine Cecum The cecum houses a large number of bacteria that help in digestion of plant materials, mostly cellulose, that remains undigested in the stomach and small intestine. Appendix Evolutionary remains of a larger cecum Anus It allows the pig to release waste Liver Organ that makes bile to break down fats; also filters poisons and drugs out of the blood Pancreas Gland that produces hormones that regulate blood sugar; produces enzymes that break down carbohydrates, proteins, lipids, and nucleic acids; and produces sodium bicarbonate, a base that neutralizes stomach acid Spleen Organ near the stomach that produces, stores, and eliminates blood cells

Authentication of Palmyrah Palm Jaggery

Authentication of Palmyrah Palm Jaggery A Preliminary Study and Principal Component Analysis for the Authentication of Palmyrah Palm Jaggery Using NIR Spectroscopy Selvaratnam Balaranjan, Kugamoorthy Velauthamurty, Ganeshalingam Sashikesh Abstract. Palmyrah jaggery is used as a popular traditional sweetener in Jaffna peninsula, Sri Lanka. It is a nutrient rich crude sugar which is also used in the traditional medicine. The authenticity of the product in markets is questionable since there is no analytical methods exist to detect adulterations. In this study, NIR spectroscopy with principal component analysis is used for the authentication of jaggery and identification of the adulterant. Jaggery was produced in laboratory as pure and adulterated with sugar and rice bran at different concentrations. Aqueous solutions of these samples were prepared and used to obtain NIR spectra. Principal component analysis of the spectra was found useful in identifying the adulterations and for the authentication of jaggery. Key words: Palmyrah, jiggery, adulterations, sweetener, NIR spectroscopy. Introduction Palmyrah palm Borassus flabellifer is a celestial tree which is abundant in the northern part of Sri Lanka. Other than northern Sri Lanka, it is widespread in the arid tropics of South America, East Africa, India and South-East Asia. Palmyrah palms are economically useful: leaves are used for thatching, mats, hats, etc.., stalks are used to make fence, black timber used in constructions, young plants, fruits, jelly like seeds are consumed as foods. A sugary liquid oozed from the inflorescence of palmyrah pam, called sap, can be obtained from the young inflorescence of either male or female ones. The sap is a sweet clear watery liquid and contains sugars, vitamins and minerals. Also fresh sap is a good source of vitamin B complex[1]. The sap can be consumed directly. Further, there are several products can be made by processing the sap: jaggery, treacle, sugar candy, toddy, vinegar, arrack and wine. Jaggery Jaggery is a main product made out of sap in Sri Lanka. jaggery is much more nutritious than crude cane sugar, containing 1.04 % protein, 0.19 % fat, 76.86 % sucrose, 1.66 % glucose, 3.15 % total minerals, 0.861 % calcium, 0.052 % phosphorus; Also 11.01 mg iron per 100 g and 0.767 mg of copper per 100 g. It contains vitamins as well: analysis on jaggery from has shown the presence of vitamins such as riboflavin, 402 mg/100 g, vitamin B12, 15 mg/100 g, vitamin C, Thiamine and nicotinic acid[1]. jaggery is used as a popular traditional sweetener in northern Sri Lanka and India. Furthermore, jaggery posses medicinal properties: it is used in indigenous medicine [2], also it is reported that jaggery posses antitoxic and anti-carcinogenic properties as well[3]. Traditionally palmyrah jaggery has high demand among the occupants of northern Sri Lanka. This can be attributed to the use of jaggery as a traditional sweetener and it use in indigenous medicine. jaggery is expensive relative to c ommercial white crystalline sugar: as of writing, 1 Kg of jaggery costs around 600 LKR which is roughly six times that of commercial white crystalline sugar. Due to its relative high price and popularity, Jaggery is often adulterated with cheap adulterants such as cane or beet sugar, rice bran, corn flour, etc. A study by ITI reveals that the ratio between reducing sugar is to non-reducing sugars can be used as a measure to identify the adulterations in the kithul jaggery[4]. However there are no reported works on the authentication of palmyrah jaggery. Food Adulterations Adulteration is the practice of adding low-value substances to a relatively high value food in order to increase the financial return. It is often unlikely for consumers and food processors to detect the adulterations without special chemical or physical analysis. But it is a fraudulent practice. There are several cases of adulterations: sugars in honey [5], proteins in yogurt [6], etc. Adulteration has several consequences such as decrease in the demand, unwanted health effects, unfair competition and so on. The adulterants are often have same chemical composition for example, honey is rich in sugars such as sucrose glucose and fructose and is adulterated with high fructose corn syrups[7], jaggery syrup, sugar solutions etc., extra-virgin oil with different edible oils[8], olive oil with soya oil, sunflower oil, corn oil walnut oil and hazelnut oil[9], yogurt with vegetable protein powder, edible gelatin, and even industrial gelatin[6] etc. Since the chemical composition is similar, the detection of adulteration is difficult. Nevertheless, there are several methods exists to detect and characterize the adulterations. These detection processes have different approaches for the authentication process: determining the ratio between some chemical compositions for authentic samples and compare the ratio for the test samples with the assumption that the ratios are constant for a particular type of food, search for specific markers present in the adulterants. Highly-sophisticated analytical tec hniques such as GC-MS, HPLC, GC, IR-MS, NMR and DNA based techniques are used in the authentication process. Although these methods provide desirable solution to the problem, they are usually time consuming, require dedicated laboratories equipped with costly instruments and require highly-skilled personnel to do the analysis. However, in contrast to those methods, infrared spectroscopy, specifically mid-infrared (MIR) and near-infrared (NIR) spectroscopic methods used to address this problem because of its desirable characteristics such as minimal or no sample preparation, short analysis time, does not require chemical reagent purchase or disposal, relatively cost effective and easy deployment once initial method is developed. NIR Spectroscopy NIR Spectroscopy operates in 750-2500 nm (12500 – 4000 cm-1) region of electromagnetic spectrum. This is a vibrational spectroscopic technique, shares the same fundamental principle as that of Mid-IR (4000 – 200 cm-1). However, opposed to fundamental vibrations which arise in the MIR, NIR give rise to overtones and combinations of fundamental vibrations, also the NIR absorption bands overlap with each other. This renders the NIR spectrum more complex than the IR spectrum and hence the chemical information from NIR spectra is poorly resolved. In NIR asymmetric vibrations takes place such as C-H, N-H and O-H this makes NIR spectroscopy useful in the studies of products of biological origin. Chemometrics To resolve useful information from NIR spectra, it is necessary to utilize multivariate statistical analysis. The use of multivariate statistical techniques in the analytical chemistry is termed as chemometrics. Chemometric techniques can be used for qualitative and quantitative studies. These techniques analyze the correlations between variables, since absorptions in NIR wavelengths are correlated with each other chemometrics is exploited in NIR analysis. Principal Component Analysis Principle Component Analysis (PCA) is a chemometric technique which can be used to reduce the number of variables when the systems (samples) are characterized by several variables (absorption at different wavelengths). This is a variable reduction technique and analyzes correlation between variables, reduce the noise and combine the variables into artificial variables called Principle Components (PCs) which explains the most variation among the samples. PCA can be used to study the characteristics of different samples and different groups of samples by analyzing the absorptions at certain wavelength regions which accounts for the similarity/dissimilarity among the samples. Materials and Methods Sap was collected around 09 30 a.m. in weekdays from a sap based production facility in Chavakacheri and Jaffna. After brought to laboratory, the sap was de-limed and neutralized by the addition of concentrated phosphoric acid. Then de-limed the sap was used to prepare jaggery as pure and adulterated forms as in Table 1. Table 1 Composition of jaggery samples produced for the analysis. No Adulterant Amount of adulterant per 500 ml of sap (g) Percentage (w/v) No of Samples 1 None 00.0 0.0 5 2 Sugar 02.5 0.5 3 3 Sugar 05.0 1.0 4 4 Sugar 07.5 1.5 4 5 Sugar 10.0 2.0 2 6 Sugar 12.5 2.5 3 7 Rice Bran 02.5 0.5 3 8 Rice Bran 05.0 1.0 2 Sample Preparation Jaggery was dried in an oven at 102  °C for two hours to remove moisture. Then 5.00 g of sample was added into 20 ml of distilled water and the mixture was stirred at 1000 rpm for five minutes using magnetic stirrer. Then the above solutions were used to obtain the NIR spectra. NIR Spectrum The spectra were obtained at room temperature in Jasco V-570 UV/VIS/NIR spectrometer in the range of 750 to 1300 nm in transmittance mode. Each of the spectra is an average of three individual spectrums. The obtained spectra were exported as ASCII files using the Spectra Manager v 1.5 (Jasco Inc) and imported into Unscrambler X (version 10.1, Camo ASA, Oslo, Norway) for PCA analysis. PCA analysis All the spectra were baseline corrected prior to analysis. The PCA analysis was done for the mean-centered data using Non-linear Iterative Partial Least Squares algorithm with equal weight for all variables, full cross validation was done. Results and Discussion NIR Spectrum Fig. 1. NIR Transmission Spectra of Samples: Solid line – pure, dashed line – samples adulterated with sugar and dotted line – samples adulterated with rice bran. The NIR spectra of eight samples are shown in Fig. 1. Changes in the absorption intensities are visible in the wavelength ranges 900-1000 nm and 1100-1200 nm. N-H 2nd overtone, O-H 2nd overtone and C-H 3rd overtones occur in the 900-1000 nm region. C-H 2nd overtones and O-H combinations occur in the 1100-1200 nm regions. PCA Analysis Fig. 2. PC-1 versus PC-2 for Baseline Corrected Spectra Fig. 3. PC-1 versus PC-2 Scores for Savitzky-Golay 1st Derivative Spectra Fig. 4. PC-1 versus PC-3 Scores for Savitzky-Golay 1st Derivative Spectra In the PCA analysis of baseline corrected spectrum, Fig. 1, PC-1 accounts for 99 % of variation and PC-2 accounts for 1 %. Here only PC-1 is the optimum component. For the PCA analysis of Savitzky-Golay 1st derivative spectra, three PCs were extracted with PC-1, PC-2 and PC-3 accounting 95 %, 2 % and 1 % of variations respectively. Further, score plot of PC-1 versus PC-3 (Fig. 2) separates the three types better than the PC-1 versus PC-2 score plot (Fig. 3). Based on the PCA analysis of samples, three different groups of samples can be identified: I-pure, II-samples adulterated with sugar and III-samples adulterated with rice bran. In the score plot of PC-1 versus PC-2 of baseline corrected spectra, samples which were adulterated with rice bran can easily distinguished from the pure and those adulterated with sugar. PC-1 versus PC-3 plot of the Savitzky-Golay 1st derivative spectra also gives good clustering between the three groups. Conclusion From this initial study we can conclude that PCA analysis of NIR spectral data is useful in the authentication of palmyrah jaggery, also the type of adulterant can be determined.. References [1]. Notes on distribution, propagation, and products of Borassus Palms (Arecaceae). Morton, JuliaF. 3, s.l.: Springer-Verlag, 1988, Economic Botany, Vol. 42, pp. 420-441. ISSN: 0013-0001. [2]. Energetic and economics of traditional gur preparation: a case study in Ganjam district of Orissa, India . Pattnayak, P.K. and Misra, M.K. 1, 2004, Biomass and Bioenergy , Vol. 26, pp. 79-88. ISSN: 0961-9534 DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0961-9534(03)00061-8. [3]. The role of dietary whole sugar-jaggery in prevention of respiratory toxicity of air toxics and in lung cancer. Sahu, A.P. and Paul, B.N. 3, 1998, Toxicology Letters, Vol. 95, pp. 154-154. DOI: doi:10.1016/S0378-4274(98)80615-2. [4]. SUSTAINABLE UTILIZATION OF KITHUL (FISHTAIL PALM) IN SRI LANKA. A. Fernando, D. Rajapaksa and Samarasinghe, K.P.G.U . 2008, Sustainable Utilization of Tropical Plant Biomass, pp. 59-62. [5]. Initial Study of Honey Adulteration by Sugar Solutions Using Midinfrared (MIR) Spectroscopy and Chemometrics. Kelly, J. F. Daniel, Downey, Gerard and Fouratier, Vanessa. 1, 2004, Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry, Vol. 52, pp. 33-39. PMID: 14709010. DOI: 10.1021/jf034985q. [6]. The Feasibility of Using Near-Infrared Spectroscopy and Chemometrics for Untargeted Detection of Protein Adulteration in Yogurt: Removing Unwanted Variations in Pure Yogurt. Lu Xu, Si-Min Yan, Chen-Bo Cai Zhen-Ji Wang and Yu, Xiao-Ping. 2013, Journal of Analytical Methods in Chemistry, pp. Article ID 201873, 9 pages. [7]. Detection of adulteration of commercial honey samples by the 13C/12C isotopic ratio . Padovan, G.J, et al. 4, 2003, Food Chemistry , Vol. 82, pp. 633-636. ISSN: 0308-8146 DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0308-8146(02)00504-6. [8]. Detection of adulteration of extra-virgin olive oil by chemometric analysis of mid-infrared spectral data . Gurdeniz, Gozde and Ozen, Banu. 2, 2009, Food Chemistry , Vol. 116, pp. 519-525. ISSN: 0308-8146 DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.foodchem.2009.02.068. [9]. The detection and quantification of adulteration in olive oil by near-infrared spectroscopy and chemometrics. Christy, Alfred A, et al. 6, s.l.: Tokyo: The Society,[1985-, 2004, Analytical Sciences, Vol. 20, pp. 935-940. [10]. Recent Developments in Food Characterization and Adulteration Detection:à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬ ° Technique-Oriented Perspectives. Cordella, Christophe, et al. 7, 2002, Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry, Vol. 50, pp. 1751-1764. PMID: 11902909. DOI: 10.1021/jf011096z. [11]. K.Theivendirarajah, Prof. Palmyrah Palm A Monograph. 2008.

The Character of Hedda Gabler in Ibsens Hedda Gabler Essay -- Hedda G

The Character of   Hedda Gabler      Ã‚     Hedda Gabler is perhaps one of the most interesting characters in Ibsen.   She has been the object of psychological analysis since her creation.   She is an interesting case indeed, for to "explain" Hedda one must rely on the hints Ibsen gives us from her past and the lines of dialogue that reveal the type of person she is.   The reader never views Hedda directly.   We never get a soliloquy in which she bares her heart and motives to the audience.   Hedda is as indifferent to our analysis as she is to Tesman's excitement over his slippers when she says "I really don't care about it" (Ibsen   8).   But a good psychologist knows that even this indifference is telling.   Underneath the ennui and indifference lies a character rich for psychological investigation:   "The Character of Hedda Gabler remains a product of our speculation.   That is, as we process the surface details we perceive in the various postures she assumes, we hypothesize an idea of the figure underneath the mask." (Lyons   83).   This paper will try to "explain" Hedda with the aid of critical analysis.      Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   The first aspect of the play that strikes the reader is the title.   Before we even read a line of this play we notice the incongruity between the name of the title character and her name in the play.   In the play Hedda is Tesman's wife, but the title suggests that she is the independent daughter of the late General Gabler.   Thus, Ibsen introduces the reader to this complex character before the curtain is drawn.   We immediately ask the question:   why is the title "Hedda Gabler" and not "Hedda Tesman"?   Perhaps Ibsen is suggesting Hedda's independence from her present situation, the situation in which she is introduce... ...wman.   She too is confused about her own identity and appears to be in the grip of forces beyond her understanding and control--social and psychological forces.   Nevertheless, Hedda is an interesting case and Ibsen's play foreshadows many psychological and social concerns of the 20th century.    WORKS   CITED Helland, F.   "Irony and Experience in Hedda Gabler."   Contemporary Approaches to Ibsen.   Ed.   Hemmer and Ystad.   Norway:   Scandinavian UP, 1994.   99-119. Ibsen, Henrik.   Hedda Gabler.   New York:   Dover Publications, 1990. Lyons, C.   Hedda Gabler:   Gender, Role, and World.   MA:   Twayne, 1991. Northam, J.   Ibsen's Dramatic Method: A Study of the Prose Dramas.   London:   Faber and Faber Limited, 1953. Weigland, H.   The Modern Ibsen:   A Reconsideration.   New York:   E.P. Dutton, 1960.                              

Sainsbury’s Human Resources Management :: Human Resources Essays

I am going to explain is how the human resources department in Sainsbury’s recruit employees The functional areas at J Sainsbury’s are:-  · Human resources  · Finance  · Administration  · Production  · Marketing And Sales  · Customer Service Each functional area operates to support Sainsbury’s aims and objectives and a range of activities goes on in each one. How the functional areas interact with one another is important. For Sainsbury’s to be efficient and effective there has to be close links within different function areas, especially when their activities are related. Functional areas are important to Sainsbury’s as if there was no such thing, the business itself would fall apart. Here is a diagram to show how this would happen:- Human Resources: The first functional area of J Sainsbury I will be covering is Human resources. Human resources look after and employ the employees who work for Sainsbury’s. Human Resources regard staff as the most important resource for a successful business. If the employees are not motivated and only do the minimum work that is required, then all the products and services that’s Sainsbury’s offer would not make the business successful. If the employees are keen to do their best, are well trained and committed to the aims of Sainsbury’s, then Sainsbury’s will be successful. This is why the human resources department is so important. The Activities Of Human Resources Function: To fulfil its purpose, human resources staff are involved in certain activities. These include:- * Recruitment and dismissal of staff * Training and promotion of staff * Monitoring good working conditions * Health and safety * Employee organisations and trade unions The first section I am going to explain is how the human resources department in Sainsbury’s recruit employees. Recruiting applicants: This department in human resources is responsible for hiring new staff for J Sainsbury. The cost of hiring staff is expensive and if they make a mistake in employing the wrong staff that could cost them even more. The first stage is to identify the vacancy that is needed, e.g. new manager, new shelf stacker etc. After human resources have chosen their job vacancy they start to draw up a person specification of what is needed from the applicant e.g. essential skills, knowledge, qualities etc. They then need to decide which type of staff they would like. The different types are:- * Seasonal staff- working at a time when the business is busy in a seasonal time, e.g. Christmas * Temporary staff- working for a certain period of time set by the recruitment department to which if they think that an employee is good enough they might keep on. * Part time- only works a short amount of times/hours but is still

Otto Dix Essay -- Painters Painting Artists Art Etching Essays

Otto Dix Otto Dix was a German painter and etcher, most of whose works were created in World War One, World War Two, and Post War Germany. He was both a successful painter during his life time and political, having many works which commented on German social conditions of the time. He lived through war and created art that told about the horrors he saw it causing. Born in Untermhause, Germany (near Gera) on December 2, 1891, Otto Dix was involved with art most of his life. He apprenticed as a painter and decorator while he was growing up and supported himself as a portrait painter when he became a student at the Dresden School of Arts and Crafts. When World War One began, he volunteered for service in the German Army and saw service first as part of an artillery regiment and then in a machine gun unit. During his first experience with war, Dix saw action on both the Russian and French fronts, earned an Iron Cross (second class), achieved the rank of vice-sergeant-major, and saw horrors that inspired much of his work. After the war, he attended the Dà ¼sseldorf Academy of Art and then returned to the Dresden Academy of Art, this time as a Professor. During this time he produced many works and gained recognition not only in Germany but also in America, having exhibitions displayed throughout Germany and in New York. When the Nazi party rose to power in Germany, they declared the work of many modern artists, including the works of Otto Dix, â€Å"unwholesome†. Dix was dismissed from his professorship at the Dresden Academy by the Nazis and banned from exhibiting. His work was featured in several Nazi displays of â€Å"Degenerate† art including â€Å"Reflection of Degeneracy†, â€Å"The Spirit of November: Art in the Service of Demoralization†, both ... ...by Movement: Die Neue Schlichkeit. Artcyclopedia. 26 Jan. 2004 . Dix, Otto. Encyclopedia.com. 26 Jan. 2004 . Neue Sachlichkeit: New Objectivity in the Visual Arts. 26 Jan. 2004 . Otto Dix. 1 Jan. 2002. 26 Jan. 2004 . Otto Dix. 4 May 1998. 26 Jan. 2004 . Otto Dix Article. Arts Zone. 26 Jan. 2004 . Otto Dix. FortuneCity. 26 Jan. 2004 . Otto Dix. Wikipedia. 19:16, 23 Nov. 2003. 26 Jan. 2004 .

Windshield Survey Reflection

Researching and visual observations of the community that one lives in is a true eye opener. I have chosen to research and conduct a Windshield survey in the town that I have lived in for the past three years. I was surprised at the amount of information that I was obtained by driving around, observing, asking questions, and conducting research online. Several areas of concern that have a potential to affect the health of the community were identified; obesity, diabetes, and the increase exposure to carbon monoxide poisoning.The two areas that I will focus my study on are obesity and carbon monoxide poisoning. Three community nursing diagnosis that I have arrived at are one, Risk for associated health complications related to obesity, two, Risk for poisoning related to exposure to carbon monoxide inhalation and three, Deficit knowledge related to health risks of smoking. As stated by Advameg, Inc. , 2003-2010, obesity in this community is 19. 6%, which is compared to a rate of 23. 3% in the state of New Jersey. Health complications are a concern in this population related to obesity.It is not clear why this community has a high rate of obesity as this community has a large population of educated blue-collar worker, which does not fit the typical population of obesity. Obesity in the country is on a rise, and this may be related to the lack of education on healthy eating habits and influences in the media with ads and commercials from food vendors. Education is important to this population and assisting them with alternative options. A nursing intervention would be to implement a group meeting within the community for obesity education.During these meetings discussions on different weight loss methods, complications associated with obesity, diet suggestions, and increase physical activity options would be helpful. Several partnerships may be made with this community such as Weight Watchers. Holding meetings in the borough hall with this weight loss group within the town will encourage the community to be involved because it is brought to them. These interventions will have a positive effect on the community to help reduce the incidence of obesity among adults.Risk for poisoning related to exposure to carbon monoxide inhalation is the second community nursing diagnosis that I have chosen because the carbon monoxide rate is above the average for the country. Advameg Inc. , 2003-2010, states that the carbon monoxide level for the country is 0. 334 ppm and for Dumont it is 0. 422 ppm. As a community nurse it is important to intervene and formulate a plan of action to help reduce the exposure to carbon monoxide within the homes of this community.Performing a risk assessment is a start, going into individual family homes, especially with elders and children and reviewing any tests that may have been performed and visual observation of the environment will gain knowledge on where to begin. â€Å"The most proximal exposures are in the home enviro nment, such as appliances that leak high levels of carbon monoxide or damp home materials that harbor molds† (Barnes et al. , 2010, para. 3). Education within the families of the community is important to reducing the exposure. By working in the most proximal environment where environmental exposures occur, the intervention has greater specificity in addressing risks tailored to each family's needs† (Barnes et al. , 2010, para. 3). Providing the families with educational material and organizations that may help is important. A partnership with the health care provider of the individual or family is beneficial in this area. The health care provider can assist with the educational material on the dangerous of such exposures and signs and symptoms.The Environmental Protection Agency may also assist with protection of individuals who are within a community that has high levels of exposure to carbon monoxide. Several websites can be assessed for information and decreasing exp osures such as the Centers for Disease Control. Deficit knowledge related to health risks of smoking. Not only are individuals unaware of the risks that they are imposing on themselves in relations to smoking but they are unaware of the risks that they are placing on the individuals within the community.One of the Healthy People 2020 health indictors is tobacco use. In this community they can benefit from raising awareness of the negative effects of smoking not only to the individual smoking but the people that surround them. Public education with flyers, posters, and visiting schools to target individuals who smoke and those that don’t to help encourage people to stop smoking would be a way that I would reach out to the community. Providing information at the borough hall would be another way to get the word out to individuals in the community to help keep the town smoke free.Partnerships with the American Cancer Society can be made to help educate the individuals on the ris ks that they are placing themselves and others at by smoking. Several other organizations are available to help individuals quit such as their primary health care providers or websites smokefree. gov. As in any community there are many risk associated with living in that particular community. Other factors that affect the community are the cultures that may congregate within them. A community more culturally diverse will see many different health concerns that a community which is not as diverse.According to The Office of Minority Health (2010), â€Å"The Office is dedicated to improving the health of racial and ethnic minority populations through the development of health policies and programs that will help eliminate health disparities† (About OMH, para. 1). They partnership with community that have a higher incidence of diseases among specific cultures such as African American, Asian, and Hispanic, to name a few. In Dumont I have found based on my windshield survey and res earch, there is not a wide range of cultures as approximately 67% of the population is white alone (Advameg, Inc. 2003-2010). In conducting the windshield survey, I could determine the areas of concern for the community that I reside in and how I may help to reduce the exposures and risks to myself and my family. Because I am a nurse it does not mean that I always have an open eye to what is going on around me. Several risk factors which I was unaware of being exposed to have given me the motivation to make changes within the community. The community partnered with other community and agencies will make a positive step to promotion and prevention of health disparities.

House Security Essay

http://www.apogeekits.com/remote_control_by_phone.htm Remote Control via Telephone Kit K6501 Makes it possible to turn up to three devices on or off over the telephone. It is also possible to check the status of a switch (open or closed). Remote Control Thermostat Kit K6502 Used as any other thermostat, but with the added function of choosing the day or night temperature setting by means of remote control over a telephone. Remote Control by Cell Phone Kit MK160 Use your cell phone for remote control of lighting, heating, gate operation, control animal feeders, activate a car alarm, etc. E-Lock Electronic Lock Kit ML222 A touch tone activated combination lock controlled by the keypad of a mobile phone. When the correct combination is entered, a relay on the circuit board is activated. The relay can be connected to a solenoid (not included) to unlock a door or cabinet. http://www.endoacustica.com/spy_telephone.htm A Spy Phone, or GSM Spy cellphone, is a normal mobile phone, where a software has been installed, which allows a third party to monitor the activities of the phone user. To avoid suspicions, a Spyphone must be given either as a present (for family members monitoring) or given as company equipment (for personnel monitoring). Naturally, if you want to listen to a person’s conversation, they must be using the phone on which the spy software has been installed. It is important to clarify that the GSM spy cellphone is not a phone that you can use to listen to conversations involving other people around you; on the contrary, this is a handset whose conversations can be listened to from an unlimited distance. To be able to listen to environmental conversations taking place around the spy phone, you must call it from your phone (the so called monitoring phone). The spy cellphone software will recognize the caller as a controlling number, and will silently activate the microphone, allowing you to listen to conversations around the phone within a range of a few meters. To intercept a telephone conversation, you will have to wait for a phone call to star t, which will be notified to you with an SMS message. At this point you will be able to call the spy telephone from the monitoring number, and listen to the phone call in real time, and without being noticed. To intercept text messages, both incoming and outgoing, you just have to send an SMS to the spyphone, containing a command string which will activate the relevant function. To locate the GPS position of the spy mobile phone, you can send another text command by SMS, and within a few minutes, the spy phone will reply with an SMS that indicates the geographical coordinates of its position. At this point, just enter the coordinates on Google Maps or Google Earth, and you will be immediately able to see the exact location of the spy cellphone at that time. If you are very busy, and have no time to call and listen in real time, you can activate the recording function, which will automatically record all calls and environmental conversations, and at a later stage send them directly to your e-mail address. This function is activated just like all others, and that is, by sending an SMS, which just like all other operating commands will not be displayed on the spy phone screen. In fact, all functions can be activated via SMS, and in the same fashion they can be disabled one by one. Our GSM spyphones have a wide range of applications like monitoring older people or children, or to protect your assets or personal interests. They are not meant to be used for any illegal purpose. Our spy software is installed manually. The spy file is sent via infrared or Bluetooth connection, from your computer or another phone. This aspect can help us in difficult cases: for example, if you are not able to have your target use a spy phone that you can give as a present or a benefit, all you need to do is get hold of their phone for a few minutes, and quickly transfer the spy software from your phone via Bluetooth, installing the software within a few seconds, without leaving any visible sign. Once the spy software is correctly installed, the job is done. All functions can be individually enabled, disabled or configured remotely via SMS. All SMS messages containing operating instructions are absolutely invisible: the spyphone receives them, but they are grabbed by the spy software and will not show up on the display or give out any sign of activity. In one unique product you will find comfortable and effective security control of your home using the simplest of controls. GSM Alarm & Home Control operates fully automatically. Ensure your house is safe with a chip or a card, with an alarm siren, with a message to your phone or to a security agency and enjoy the possibility of switching on an appliance with a phone call or an sms. However, if you require more comfortable control, you can have a touch screen control in your home, an application on your mobile or even connect to your home via the internet. The product will secure the whole house when you leave. At night, however, it can protect only the rooms that you do not use. This ensures a good nights sleep, safe in the mind that your house is secure from illegal entry whilst you sleep. It’s up to you whether you connect an outdoor siren and rely on the fact that thieves will be frightened away, or, vice versa, if you let a thief steal in peace while the silent alarm is alerting the security agency and you have a chance to catch the thieves red-handed. With our product you can connect indoor and outdoor thermometers. From a distance you can check the temperature, receive an SMS if the set temperature is exceeded and even specify the individual room temperature. Before arriving at your weekend cottage or at home you can set the temperature in advance so that you come home to a nice, comfortable climate. Remote controls are expensive and often do not have the necessary reach or you are constantly looking for it! In contrast, we carry a mobile phone all the time. Therefore, if the appliance is connected to GSM Home Control you can easily control everything from your mobile. This doesn’t just mean from anywhere in the world, you can also do it from the comfort of your sofa! The product doesn’t satisfy the basic configuration for your house? Do you have specific requirements? We are here for you and we can prepare any configuration to give you peace of mind. http://www.levelna.com/en/gc-055-gsm-alarm-amp-house-control.htm