Analysis Of Langston Hughes s I, Too - 1077 Words

Alejandra Rodriguez D. Rodriguez DIRW 0401.105 3 November 2015 Justice for Equality â€Å"One nation, under God, indivisible, with liberty, and justice for all† (4 USC Sec. 4). In America every human being should have the right for justice. Black, Asian, Hispanic, Indian, and other races should all be equal. Working hard, getting an education, and fighting for what is right are what make a true American. In â€Å"I, Too,† Langston Hughes discusses the theme of racial equality through the use of metaphor, symbolism, and imagery. Langston Hughes was born on February 1, 1902 in Joplin, Missouri. Hughes parents James Hughes and Carrie Langston divorced because James studied law and was denied permission by the all-white examining board to take the Oklahoma Territory exam. James Hughes decided to move to Mexico to practice law freely. Carrie Langston moved to Lawrence to find an opportunity to work and Hughes lived with his grandmother Mary Langston. Hughes faced racism, discrimination, segregation, and equality in the 20th century. Hughes got involved with the Harlem Renaissance to shape a movement that will thrust Harlem to the world to show its artistic and literary value. Hughes shared his love of poetry to African Americans so that they can read and learn about the situations that every African American is facing. (Miller 23-29) What’s interesting is that after the Civil War, Walt Whitman one of America’s most influential poets wrote a poem called â€Å"I Hear America Sing.† InSh ow MoreRelatedAnalysis Of Langston Hughes s Poem I, Too978 Words   |  4 Pages Langston Hughes America, the ideals of freedom, equality, and opportunity traditionally held to be available to every American. This is what everyone was told, what the Declaration of Independence states. But, Langston Hughes a black American poet in the Harlem Renaissance period saw the truth. Being an African American in the United States during the early 1900’s was difficult. Many lived a life full of hardships; segregation, prejudice and economic hardships, viewed as second-class citizensRead MoreAnalysis Of Langston Hughes s Poem, I, Too1193 Words   |  5 Pagesrights against those who tries to take it away. In the poem, I, Too, Langston Hughes shows that to be an American means that you should refuse to buckle under awful pressures. The speaker, an African American man, was denied the rights to sit down at the dinner table when company comes. However, the speaker â€Å"laugh and eat well and [grew] strong† then no one will dare say to him â€Å"eat in the kitchen† then. The African American man â€Å"too, am America.† The speaker decided to take the time in the kitchenRead MoreLangston Hughes The Weary Blues Analysis1256 Words   |  6 PagesOn Langston Hughes’s The Weary Blues Kevin Young, a graduate of Harvard University and one of the winners of the Guggenheim Fellowship, writes the historical perspective of Langston Hughes. He discusses the flowering of the African American literature and culture and how it is actually just the extension of the New Negro movement. From the Harlem Renaissance, Langston Hughes is able to represent â€Å"different things† for â€Å"different men.† The uprising of Hughes’s poems are the result of their hardshipsRead MoreLiterary Analysis Of Langston Hughes s The Road 1402 Words   |  6 PagesRoad by Langston Hughes. Langston Hughes offers a gift in this work which is to open the heart and life will provide unlimited abundance. During this literary analysis Langston Hughes uses nature to demonstrate his main character s unwillingness to participate in life. Another point that Hughes demonstrates is the use of anger and survival and how it can be used as a powerful force in breaking down racial barrier s. One more impact Langston Hughes uses is Jesus Christ as a metaphor. Hughes uses thisRead MoreLangston Hughes : A Modernist1222 Words   |  5 PagesSappington 13 Apr. 2017 Langston Hughes: A Modernist Credited as being the most recognizable figure of the Harlem Renaissance, Langston Hughes played a vital role in the Modernist literary movement and the movement to revitalize African American culture in the early 20th century. Hughes’s poems reflect his personal struggle and the collective struggle of African Americans during this cultural revival. Langston Hughes’s life contained key influences on his work. As a child, Hughes witnessed a divorceRead MoreAnalysis and Interpretation of I, Too Sing America by Langston Hughes1148 Words   |  5 PagesPoem I, Too Sing America is considered to be very characteristic for radical poetry of Langston Hughes. The majority of literary critiques and historians refer to Hughes as one of the first American poets, who set the standards and examples how to challenge the post-World War I ethnic nationalism. His poetry contributed and shaped to some extent the politics of the Harlem Renaissance. In analysis of Black poetry Charles S. Johnson wrote that the new racial poetry of the Negro is the expressionRead MoreLiterary Analysis Of The Ideology And Reality Of Equality987 Words   |  4 PagesLiterary Analysis of the Ideology and reality of equality in the works of Langston Hughes Langston Hughes was an African American writer and poet. Langston Hughes wrote about what it was like living as a Negro, as a black man, as any person of color in America. He wanted to portray the dignity, soulfulness, and resilience of his people. In his writings, he tends to believe that people aren’t wholly good and they are not wholly evil or bad either. He writes with such a conviction and an almostRead MoreThank You Mam872 Words   |  4 Pagesthis woman. Mrs. Jones is what people call a â€Å"black woman that made it†. She is humble, being that she is not very flashy, and she is always willing to give back, considering that she cleaned and fed, Roger, a young man that tried to rob her. Langston Hughes, in Thank You Ma’am, shows Jones’ woman qualities through her mother-like qualities, willingness to give back to the less fortunate, and ability to understand. Roger is taken in as if he was the child of Mrs. Luella Bates Washington Jones.Read MorePoem Analysis On I, Too, Sing America 1611 Words   |  7 PagesDai Yueh Cheng Dr. Smedley English 1B 9 March 2015 Poem analysis on â€Å"I, Too, Sing America† In the poem â€Å"I, Too, Sing America† by Langston Hughes, he envisions a greater America, a more inclusive America where all the races can proudly represent themselves as American citizens. Hughes was a leader of Harlem Renaissance, and had tremendous pride of his race as an African American. However, during that time period, African Americans were being considered as second-class race, and they were being segregatedRead MoreThe Negro Speaks Of Rivers1548 Words   |  7 PagesLangston Hughes was an American poet, novelist, and playwright whose African-American themes names him a primary contributor to the Harlem Renaissance of the 1920s. After moving from several cities, Hughes and his mother finally settled in Cleveland, Ohio. During this time, Hughes began to write poetry. One of his teachers introduced him to the poetry of Carl Sandburg and Walt Whitman, both whom Hughes would later cite as primary influences. By the time Hughes was enrolled at Columbia University

A Spiritual Journey Free Essays

Ashwin Sathyanarayanan English 10 Professor Stanley Personal Essay That Once in a Lifetime Chance It is a great feeling going to a place where it’s a huge matter in one’s life. â€Å"Revisiting Sacred Ground† N. Scott Momaday had made a pilgrimage which his Kiowa ancestors. We will write a custom essay sample on A Spiritual Journey or any similar topic only for you Order Now Momaday has said,† There are certain villages, and towns mountains and plains that, having seen them, walked in them, lived in them, even for a day, we keep forever in the mind’s eye. † Just like how Momaday relived his ancestor’s trails, I had a chance as well. I was lucky enough to be able to go on such a sacred journey that people would pay in thousands of dollars. The pilgrimage I would like to talk about is the one I took to a sacred city in India called Badrinath. I follow Hinduism, and in Hinduism there is a saying/belief that if we go on this enriching, and spiritual journey, we will go to heaven after we pass. I have a guru, like a living god, who I listen to and look up to. He took me on this spiritual journey. This spiritual journey had started for me 7 years ago in 2005, around June I had left San Francisco International Airport, and left to my motherland India. I landed in New Delhi, India to be exact. From there we drove to a city called Kasi. The city of Kasi is known for its sacred river. My guru had told me that in Hindu mythology if you bathe in the holy river of Ganges it will get rid of all your sins. We stayed the night there and we went to the sacred river and bathed early in the morning around 5. Then we went to the temple and did some prayer rituals that are performed after the bathing in the river. Later that day we took a bus from Kasi and drove into a city called Haridwar, one of the beautiful cities in the foothills of the Himalayas. When we reached the city of Haridwar, my guru told us a little about the place before we got out of the bus. That is where I learned the myth being told that Haridwar is one of the four cities where amrit (the elixir of immortality) spilled from a pitcher which was being carried by a bird named Garuda. I was amazed by the fact, and my guru said, â€Å"this is nothing wait and you’ll see more amazing things. † He left me questionable that there were more amazing things than this. We got an auto (taxi) and went to the river because we heard that they do an extraordinary festive every night. This festive is known as Ganga aarti, and it happens at the river banks of the ganges (Har ki Pauri). At Har ki Pauri every night at both banks of the river, people are flooded, with an aarti in their hand. An aarti is a lamp lit by fire. After the priests finishing chanting the mantras and show the aarti to the gods, everyone lets the aarti down into the river and they pray what they want, and let the aarti go down stream. I was lucky enough to do that myself. We then went back to the hotel that we had checked into and left the next day back on our tour. We then travelled to our next stop Rishikesh, which is another city in the foothills of the Himalayas. We were in Rishikesh for no longer than 4 hours because we had to get to our sleep stop. During the four hours that we were there we went to a lot of ashrams (meditation center) and saw many Saints. After the four hours had ended, we went back to our bus and left to our night stop, which was called Nanda Prayag. Since it was night time and we were all tired from the really long day, we went to bed, but I kept hearing the noise of the river really loud, and it sounded like it was just too close. Next morning the noise of the river and the animals woke me up and the noise was just so close that I had to go look how far it was. With all my curiosity when I went out to the balcony and I saw the most spectacular view. I saw two of the most holy rivers combine together, the combinations of the two rivers was just so distinct, the Alaknanda River and the Mandakini River confluence. At this place there was a temple ashore of the river. After I went and bathed in the river I had gone to the temple and I had learned the history of this place, it was fascinating. Then we all left the temple to the bus and we left and arrived at our longest stay in our tour, Badrinath. Badrinath was literally the whole reason we went on this trip. It was known as one of the most holiest, and sacred places to be at. We arrived there later in the Afternoon. After we checked into our hotel, we went and explored the city. And while exploring the city we saw many beautiful temples, and all these lead us to the main temple, the Badrinath Temple. We had to cross over a small walking bridge which went over the Alaknandha River, It went with such force, and if you sit in that water nonstop for more than ten – fifteen minutes, you will surely have a heart failure, because the water is that cold, and we are at an extreme altitude. And the most Ironic thing about this cold river is after we crossed it we have to bathe before we enter the temple, even if we had bathed in the morning. When we went to the place we were supposed to bathe, we came to find out that it was a hot spring and this hot spring was ten feet away from the extremely cold Alaknanda waters, ironic enough, I thought so. After we finished bathing there was a ritual which we had to perform. We had to get into brand new clothes and we had to give the clothes were wearing to the more unfortunate people. So after we did that, we went into the main temple, it was enriched with beautiful colors and sculptures all made since the time the temple was created. We had gone in and while we were coming outside, we had ran into a very famous priest, and we all greeted him, and he invited us to come to his ashram, so we all went. There he told us about the main reason of this temple. This temple is only open during Spring, Summer and Fall. They closes the temple, right before we end fall and enter Winter. The closing and opening of the temple is a huge ceremony. This is the most important ceremony to come to if you have major problems which need to be resolved. He told us that during the ceremony they do many poojas (rituals and prayers) and they have an extremely huge lamp and they fill it to the rim with oil and they light the lamp, and during the lighting of the lamp we all must pray for what we all want most. After they light it they close and seal the temple for six months through the harsh winters. The most amazing part is that even though it snows and rains, and harsh winds blow, the lamp never goes out. I was dumb founded by this statement. It is said that it doesn’t go out because of the bonds of all the prayers and wishes the people had made, it is so strong, that nothing can affect it. He continued by saying that after the six months pass, for the wish you made to come true you, must come back for the opening ceremony of the temple. If indeed you do, you will see that the lamp that was lit is still lit and the glory of the light is just so divine. Since he had an urgent issue to deal with he left us in awe. My guru then told me,† I told you I would show you something which is even more fascinating. † I was speechless, and we left back to our hotel and slept. The next day my guru took us to the last village in India, Mana. My guru told me that this is the main source of the river Saraswathi, (the goddess of education) and he had told me that this river is so tricky and mischievous. My guru said that this river after 3 miles this river disappears, it is said that it runs underground and comes back up in a city more down south. After we saw where the main source had come from we saw this passage on the left and my guru had told me out of my whole family to go up because it was a very dangerous path/cave and he said I am the only one in the family that is very capable of going through it. As I went through this path I experienced the biggest fear of my life, snakes. They were literally everywhere. I had gone through this extreme passage and I got out of this tight hole and I could not believe my own eyes, there it was, The Great Wall of China. I had come back down the passage I went up but this time the snakes were all gone, there was none there anymore, which shocked me even more. I had come down and my guru said do not tell us what you saw. I was bursting in excitement and he made me hold it in. It was the hardest thing in life for me to hold in. After we left the village and started going back down on the bus, my guru called me and I went and sat next to him on the bus and he told me,† now I want you to tell us all what happened. † I had then told them that I went up this cave of snakes and saw the great wall, and on my way back not even one snake was there, everyone was in shock. That was the biggest mystery in my life till now. After we came back down we had left back to our beginning destination New Delhi, India. On our way back though we went back in a helicopter, I asked my guru why we didn’t use the helicopter on the way up, and he said,† you wouldn’t have experienced all that you did now if you came on a helicopter. † This was the sacred pilgrimage that all Indians must take at least once in your lifetime, according to Hindu mythology. I now have a dream to go back once again and revisit the same places and relive what did in 2005. How to cite A Spiritual Journey, Essay examples

A Review of Ebora Viral Disease Samples †MyAssignmenthelp.com

Question: Discuss about the Review of Ebora Viral Disease. Answer: Ebola Viral Disease EBOV is the agent responsible for the transmission of Ebola disease. This disease has spawned several epidemics the past four decades. For instance, in 2014, Ebola became an epidemic after spreading from Africa to other continents. The fact that the there was no effective treatment confused the whole world. This virus has a relatively unique structure. It is lethal, and it has a high infectivity rate which even makes it hard to control. This paper will provide a review of the acknowledged facts of Ebola virus disease (EVD), its etiological facts, epidemiology, and information regarding its management. Epidemiology The world label Ebola virus as an emerging and re-emerging pathogen. Ebola hemorrhagic fever (EHF) or EVD was first reported in Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC) in the 1976 outbreak (Rosello et al., 2015). Since then, there have been numerous additional EVD outbreaks. The dangerous one occurred in 2000-2001 in Gulu District, Uganda. The outbreak caused 425 cases which lead to 53% fatality rate (Shears O'Dempsey, 2015). The Ebola strain in West Africa exhibits is homologically 97% similar to the DRC sample (Shoman, Karafillakis Rawaf, 2017). This strain has a record of causing the highest mortality of 90%. The recent case of EVD epidemic happened in Guinea in December 2013. By August 17, 2014, the disease had spread forcing WHO to declare it as an epidemic (Chan, 2014). By mid-September 2014, Ebola's fatality rate had stretched to 70.8% which also remained constant within Guinea, Sierra Leon and Liberia (Rosello et al., 2015). Nigeria showed a lower fatality of 45.5%. In Nigeria, the fatality rate remained lower at 45.5%. However, studies base their current assessments on just 11 latest cases. The in-patient fatality rate recorded 64.3 percent (Shears O'Dempsey, 2015). This valuation was lower when compared with all patients with clear outcomes. This rate was also consistent with rates from other countries. A health worker died in Liberia. Also, the number of new cases increased every week despite having multisectoral and multinational participation in countering the disease. At the same time, some of the humanitarian aid practitioners had to go back to their countries for medical care after contracting Ebola (Kaner Schaack, 2016). These workers had contacted the disease despite wearing the personal protection equipment (PPE). One of them led the case of Ebola in Spain. In October 2014, Liberia citizen traveled to Dallas, Texas. He was hospitalized and died of Ebola. This patient led to the infection of other individuals some of them being two healthcare workers who also had their PPE (Mbonye et al., 2014). The WHO Ebola Response Team predicted an increase of deaths by November 2014 urging the global community to respond to more efficient methods of managing the diseases (Mbonye et al., 2014). Agents of EVD EBOV belong to the species Zaire ebolavirus, the genus Ebolavirus, and the family Filoviridae (Weston, Burgess Roberts, 2016). The genus Ebolavirus has five different viruses. These include the Sudan virus (SUDV), Bundibugyo virus, EBOV, Reston virus, and Tai Forest virus (Lukashevich Shirwan, 2014). Among these, EBOV causes EHF and it has the highest fatality rate between 57 and 90 percent in humans (Weston, Burgess Roberts, 2016). SUDV follows with a rate between 41 and 65 percent. Bundibugyo virus has a fatality rate of percent (Weston, Burgess Roberts, 2016). The work of (Sanford, West Jacob, 2017) states that Tai Forest virus has only caused two human infections which are nonfatal. Reston virus is the causing agent for asymptomatic condition in humans. The Structure Filoviridae Both the MARV and EBOV genomes encode seven protein structures. The study of (Kaner Schaack, 2016) states that EBOV encoding two nonstructural soluble glycoproteins (GP). These are the small soluble GP product and the soluble GP (Hoenen et al., 2015). MARV strains have only one species known as the Lake Victoria marburgvirus. eBOV strains have four distinct species (Lukashevich Shirwan, 2014). These are the Sudan ebolavirus (SEBOV), Zaire ebolavirus (ZEBOV), Reston ebolavirus (REBOV) and Cte dIvoire ebolavirus (CIEBOV). However, there is a newly discovered species proposed to be the fifth one called the Bundibugyo ebolavirus (BEBOV) (Ealy, 2016). These species exhibit a variance in their pathogenic effects on humans. The most pathogenic are ZEBOV which has a fatality rate of up to 90 percent (Rezza Ippolito, 2017). SEBOV follows with a fatality rate of 50%. BEBOV follows third with a fatality rate of 40%. Records link REBOV and CIEBOV with lethal infections in other primates apart from human beings. The EBOV and MARV's systematic viral replication causes the increased levels of inflammatory cytokines, abnormalities in the coagulation and problems in the fluid distribution (Greenwood Barer, 2012). These processes cause vascular leakage and hemorrhage which eventually causes organ failure and shock. The 1979 discoveries were the first to confirm ZEBOV as the fatal species (Greenwood Barer, 2012). These species held a fatality rating going up to a level of 90% in humans and 100% lethality. Reservoir Recent evidence has confirmed that bats play a potential role as the most likely reservoir species of filoviruses. Medical experts believe that EHF persists in reservoir species located within endemic regions. Mammalian species like man and Ape seem to be more susceptive to Ebola virus infections as last hosts of Ebola rather than being the reservoir (Rezza Ippolito, 2017). Despite various studies trying to establish a potential host, there has been no host linked to Ebola. However, the study of (Kaner Schaack, 2016) states that rodents and bats could be possible reservoir species. Other reviews on arthropods have always been negative, including bedbugs that can bite different persons. Environment Factors and the Spread of EVD Viruses are acellular, an obligate organism that needs a host to remain active. Hosts provide an environment where virus's viral receptor attaches to the host's plasma membrane (Greenwood Barer, 2012). Eventually, the virus genome gets integrated into the hosts DNA. As the host's cell undergo subdivisions, the viral genome also rapidly undergoes subdivision. The result of the viral genome subdivision supports rapid mutation which increases its pathogenicity (Rezza Ippolito, 2017). The presence of glycoproteins in the host allows the enveloped virus to infect the host. These glycoproteins play a significant role in communication between the infected cells and other cells (Singh Ruzek, 2013). They also sustain the virus when it comes to an outside environment. Most of the enveloped viruses exist in the animal wastes such as feces and urine and feces. This kind of environment facilitates the persistence of the enveloped virus once outside the hosts body. In this regard, it is critical that people should maintain a clean environment as a means for controlling the emergence of Ebola disease. For instance, many African countries have poor sanitation which presents a high risk to entire public health. Poor sanitation in African can be one of the reasons behind high cases of EVD mortality rate (Rezza Ippolito, 2017). Another environmental factor is contaminated water since Ebola transmission mainly works through contact with fluids. Another environmental contribution is the scarcity of food. In Africa, the people's interaction while they search for food and their contact with infected animals can lead to the transmission of Ebola (Vidal, 2017). Poverty is also a contributing factor to the occurrence of EVD. People in developing countries lack basic needs, and government resources are scarce which leads to population displacement as people search for resources (Shoman, Karafillakis Rawaf, 2017). This factor becomes a significant contribution especially where one person is a carrier. These are some of the environmental factors that facilitate the reemerging cases of Ebola. Transmission Most of EVD cases result from body contact with an infected animal or person. Nevertheless, all cases of transmission between people occur through coming into contact with contaminated body fluid. These fluids can be breast milk, blood, vomitus, saliva, sweat, urine, stool, tears, or respiratory secretions from an infected patient (Ealy, 2016). Another main cause is body contact with infected objects. This form of transmission occurs when an uninfected person uses contaminated objects in their mouths or eyes (Rezza Ippolito, 2017). This mode of transmission keeps home caregivers at the highest risk of exposure since they do not have PPE. Some studies state that of EBOV and MARV can spread via aerosol particles but this method has rarely happened either in the case of a hospital or a home setting infection (Vidal, 2017). Sexual contact has also proved to be a possible mode of transmission. EVD virus has been traced in semen and remains until after seven weeks of recovery. People are advised to use condoms during sexual intercourse. Mothers should also stop breastfeeding their children for at least three months after recovery as a preventive measure. Diagnosis Ebola virus takes 2 to 21 day as the incubation period. The shorter incubation periods correlate with exposure to a more massive load of virus (Nelson, 2014). Viremia corresponds to the abrupt start of signs and symptoms of the EVD. The WHO and the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) have confirmed the effective criteria for the diagnosis of EVD. One of these is a sudden emergence of high fever. Also, a patient may develop a headache, diarrhea, lethargy, reduced appetite, vomiting, hiccupping, painful joints and muscles, stomach pains, dyspnea, or dysphagia (Rezza Ippolito, 2017). With the occurrence of the named signs, a position confirmation requires a positive serology test for Ebola virus. There are multiple serologic tests for the confirmation and diagnosis of EVD. One of these is the antibody-capture enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (Vidal, 2017). Another test is reverse-transcriptase polymerase chain reaction assay and electron microscopy (Park, Lee, Lee, Jee Choi, 2016). These technological methods are widely available, but their associated biohazards hiders many world laboratories from safely utilizing them. The only place for performing these tests is in a level-4 biosafety facility (Burd, 2014). These viruses are highly virulent and have higher chances of transmission via an aerosol. This state also gives them a higher mortality rate. Apart from that, the equipment for the mentioned tests are not movable, and the tests results take longer (Burd, 2014). The WHO has requested for proposals for coming up with a portable device. The conditions for these devices are that they should not need a biosafety level-4 facility and would provide Ebola results in less than three hours (Zhang et al., 2017). The devices should also have a high level of specificity and selectivity. Such a device is essential for identifying individuals requiring isolation more quickly. It will also help in the identifications of those individuals having similar symptoms but suspected to have been exposed to the virus. Treatment and prevention There have been major developments in the studies of EBOV and MARV on several animal models. However, no study has presented a licensed vaccine or an approved treatment (Martnez, Salim, Hurtado Kilgore, 2015). This means that any person working within the containment facilities, or people living within the areas marked with infection are a higher risk of possible infection. Studies have confirmed the effectiveness of passive transfer of serum obtained from a patient who survived Junin virus or Lassa virus (Dye et al., 2012). However, the efficacy of this therapies requires treatment to start immediately after infection. On the other hand, this method does not work in treating filovirus infections. During the 1995 EBOV outbreak in DRC, specialists transferred whole blood from convalescent EBOV to eight patients who had EBOV (Gebre, Gebre Peters, 2014). Out of these, only one patient who did not survive. This case brought a lethality rate of 12.5% which was significantly lower than the overall 80% fatality cases of EBOV epidemic(Gebre, Gebre Peters, 2014). However, the concept does not explain the role of antibodies since the patient received whole blood instead just antibodies. The 1995 epidemic led to the production of equine IgG product from WHO (Lukashevich Shirwan, 2014). The equine IgG came from horses hyper vaccinated with EBOV. Though equine IgG had some success in hamadryas baboons, it could only delay the death of cynomolgus macaques instead of protecting them. Recently, there has been great attention towards unlicensed treatments and vaccines. One of this was a cocktail drug (ZMapp), humanized-mouse antibodies (Ledgerwood et al., 2017). This one forms a part of the several therapeutics showing promising results with primates which are nonhuman. ZMapp demonstrated clinical improvements on two US citizens who were evacuated from Liberia (Vidal, 2017). Another therapeutics trials are RNA polymerase inhibitors and small interfering RNA nanoparticles. There has been a success when small interfering RNAs was used in treating primate and guinea pigs, the non-humans who had Ebola diseases (Lukashevich Shirwan, 2014). The results imply that RNA interference could work efficiently as vaccination treatment strategies for patients with EVD or other VHF causative agents (Nelson, 2014). Unfortunately, there is a challenge in the production cost issues which can frustrate this approach. Another therapy is a preclinical evaluation. This one has also been initiated for different proposed vaccines. One of these is chimpanzee adenovirus vector vaccine (Ledgerwood et al., 2017). Another proposed vaccine includes vesicular stomatitis virus pseudotypes. Scientists have been trying to develop different vaccines and treatment against filoviruses for the past decades. Though no vaccine or treatment platforms have proven to be highly effective, most of them have been successful in EBOV and MARV infections (Gebre, Gebre Peters, 2014). Some of these include Recombinant Vesicular Stomatitis Virus (rVSV), Venezuelan Equine Encephalitis Virus Replicon Particle Vaccine, virus-like particles, Replication-defective adenovirus serotype 5 vectors, and replication competent recombinant human parainfluenza virus 3 (Wu et al., 2015). All these vaccines have proven to be successful in nonhuman primates models. The rVSV platform has been a more reliable vaccine against filoviruses (Wu et al., 2015). There have been various evaluations of the effectiveness of rVSV in vaccines. The researchers have noted protective efficacy with rVSV against ZEBOV and MARV infections. However, there is no information regarding the use of rVSV on post-exposure (Nelson, 2014). Since rVSV is a vaccine that triggers the body to respond with extreme immune activity, it has worked in overcoming filovirus-driven suppression. It manages to inhibit the replication of hence preventing the spread of an infection. Studies have shown that rVSVs targets the same cells that filoviruses target, so their viral interference causes a block to MARK and EBOV replication (de La Vega, Wong, Kobinger Qiu, 2015). Currently, there are at least several promising vaccine schemes for full protection against MARV or EBOV infection in nonhuman primates (Nelson, 2014). All of them have shown efficacy in nonhuman primate on filoviral hemorrhagic fever. Out of them, the two best options are the one established on a replication-defective adenovirus serotype 5, and rVSV which has proven perfect protection when administered as a single injection to other primates except the humans (de La Vega, Wong, Kobinger Qiu, 2015). Currently, there are no licensed vaccines for EBOV or MARV for humans. Despite that EBOV and MARV hemorrhagic fevers rarely occur, having a vaccine in place could be an important preventive mechanism (Sanford, West Jacob, 2017). This move can be important in case an epidemic of such infection occurs. There is a hope that activated protein C, a recombinant inhibitor of factor VIIa/tissue factor and modipafant could be a forthcoming solution for cases of Ebola infections (de La Vega, Wong, Kobinger Qiu, 2015). Studies have given an insight that transgenic mice exhibiting extreme levels of human mannose-binding lectin (MBL) intensities could resist more to fatal Ebola infections when compared with wild-type mice (Wu et al., 2015). These results suggest that modulation of MBL activities can be one area for advanced clinical assessment. Key Preventive Interventions There are various primary prevention approaches. The first one is rigorous precaution actions within a healthcare setting. The leading risk of Ebola transmission happens in the situations where patients do not get detected or isolated immediately after exposure (Vidal, 2017). Therefore, those patients who have already been diagnosed are less risky. The second method of prevention focuses on education. The society needs education and support regarding infections (Nelson, 2014). It needs to understand the risk of getting in contact with bodies of people who have died of Ebola. For instance, some communities need to modify their traditional burial programs that take long preparations. Burials that take extended preparations increases chances of direct contacts with the fluids from the deceased. This issue of burials is culturally sensitive (Weston, Burgess Roberts, 2016). Those offering education programs need to exercise cultural awareness and use of appropriate educational program resources. The next preventive method is to evade all forms of direct contacts and products from wild animals (Weston, Burgess Roberts, 2016). Hunting communities should be encouraged to avoid meat from wild animals. People should also avoid direct contact with bats as they are the initial natural reservoir of Ebola virus. Avoiding bats can eradicate the risks of early exposure to Ebola infection. Precaution Practices Among Healthcare Workers Healthcare workers practices and knowledge involves reliable infection-prevention gears which include proper use of PPE to both the workers and the patients (Vidal, 2017). Different studies have shown that the major area of transmission is within a healthcare center whenever there is an outbreak. The process should start with the immediate isolation of any patient suspect to be exposed to the virus. Besides, strict precautions should be utmost while handling specimens to avoid chances of spread of the infection within care units (Nelson, 2014). Tools and other equipment should always be used such as eye protection, gowns, gloves, masks, and face protection. Moreover, the CDC policies suggest respiratory protection through N-95 respirators equipment (Nelson, 2014). Thorough disinfection and treatment of contaminated areas should be encouraged and decontaminating surfaces and care should be taken while handling objects used on patients. Conclusions Ebola disease is a saddening disease that reminds people that its outburst can emerge from anywhere and pose a risk the entire world. It is a disease that spreads rapidly whenever it gets out of control. The WHO endeavors to implement health operations in the high-risked countries to eradicate the possibility of the spread of EVD before it becomes an emergency situation. Although there have been significant improvements, a better surveillance remains a necessity. The primary transmission of Ebola virus occurs through contact with the infected person's body fluids. 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